The prevalence of anti-IgG antibodies in illiterate patients was higher than in educated people, although this difference was not statistically significant. toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients, these patients should be screened for toxoplasmosis before and during chemotherapy to prevent Ro 3306 acute toxoplasmosis. latency occurs after acquired infection in which the parasite remains in the body as a latent infection in the form of cysts in the skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and/or the brain, which are usually inactive and harmless. Reactivation occurs only in immunodeficient patients. is classified into three different genotypes (I, II, and III) based on isoenzyme electrophoresis patterns and molecular differences (7). These three clonal lineages may have differences in virulence, pathogenicity, and epidemiological patterns of occurrence. Thus, detection of infection in patients with any immunodeficiency status and determination of the genotype of the parasite is important in the successful management of the disease. 2. Objectives Considering the importance of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients, this study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis specifically the genotype of in people undergoing chemotherapy in the Bushehr Province of southwest Iran, which is located at the edge of the Persian Gulf and Ro 3306 experiences hot, humid weather during most seasons of the year. 3. Methods 3.1. Study Population and Sample Collection Subjects of this cross-sectional study were 86 patients who were referred from December, 2014 to July, 2015 to the chemotherapy center in Bushehr province. Ethical approval for the study was given by the ethics committee of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (ethics committee code: IR.SUMS.REC.1394.S350). Informed consent (oral) was obtained from the participants (or their parents, in the case of minors), and confidentiality of the participants information was guaranteed. Blood samples (5 mL) were taken from each Hbb-bh1 subject, and sera were obtained from the collected blood. In addition, a buffy coat was obtained from each blood sample for subsequent molecular evaluation. Sera and buffy Ro 3306 coats were kept at -20C until use. Sociodemographic information and data related to the prevalence of toxoplasmosis including patients residence, duration of chemotherapy, educational level, contact with animals, and keeping of house cats were collected through a predesigned questionnaire. 3.2. Serological Evaluation Sera samples were tested for IgG and IgM anti-antibodies using a commercial ELISA kit (PishtazTeb Diagnostics, Tehran, Iran) based on the manufacturers instructions. 3.3. DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification DNA was extracted from the buffy coat of each sample, using the phenol chloroform method as previously described (8). PCR was performed to amplify a 529 bp gene of sequences in the GenBank to discover the genotype of the parasite. 3.4. Statistical Analysis Collected data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA; version 18,). The prevalence values relative to the features of the subjects were analyzed with a chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. 4. Results Of the 86 patients studied, 37 (43%) were male and 49 (57%) were female. Most of the subjects were aged 40 – 60 years. Anti-IgG was detected in 21 (24.4%) out of 86 patients. None of the subjects tested had anti-IgM antibodies. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between seropositivity to and patient age (P 0.05). The frequency of anti-IgG antibodies was higher in women (12.8%) than in men (11.6%), but this difference was not statistically.