== Mix PRNT-measured titers of HTNV, PUUV, NYV, TPMV, and MJNVa Antisera against HTNV, PUUV, NYV, TPMV, and MJNV were prepared by intramuscular inoculation of 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats with 104to 105PFU of computer virus. cross neutralization for MJNV and TPMV. The nucleotide and deduced BS-181 hydrochloride amino acid sequences for the different MJNV genomic segments revealed nearly the same determined distances from hantaviruses harbored by rodents in the subfamilies Murinae, Arvicolinae, Neotominae, and Sigmodontinae. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length S, M, and L section sequences shown that MJNV shared a common ancestry with TPMV and remained in a distinct out-group, suggesting early evolutionary divergence. Studies are in progress to determine if MJNV is definitely pathogenic for humans. Hantaviruses (familyBunyaviridae, genusHantavirus) are medically important rodent-borne pathogens, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). The belief in long-standing coevolutionary associations between hantaviruses and their reservoir rodent host varieties is supported by computer virus and rodent gene phylogenies. That is, phylogenetic analyses, based on full-length viral genomic sequences and rodent mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear gene sequences, indicate that antigenically unique hantaviruses segregate into clades, which parallel the development of rodents in the subfamilies Murinae, Arvicolinae, Neotominae, and Sigmodontinae (23,25,26,28,39,54). Previously, this phylogenetic insight has been successfully used to direct the finding of fresh hantaviruses, such as those found in the Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) (5) and the royal vole (Myodes regulus) (47). Renewed desire for the part of nonrodent reservoirs in the development of hantaviruses has been spurred by recent analysis of the entire genome of Thottapalayam computer virus (TPMV), a hantavirus isolated from your Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) (10,61), which exposed a separate phylogenetic clade, suggesting early evolutionary divergence from rodent-borne hantaviruses (44,56). Armed with oligonucleotide primers designed on the basis of conserved regions of the TPMV genome and guided by long-ignored THBS-1 reports of serologic and antigenic evidence of hantavirus illness in shrews (20,33,52), we have previously recognized genetically unique hantaviruses in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus) from Switzerland (45); the Chinese mole BS-181 hydrochloride shrew (Anourosorex squamipes) from Vietnam (46); and the northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), masked shrew (Sorex cinereus), and dusky shrew (Sorex monticolus) from the United States (1,2) by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Novel hantavirus genomes in Therese’s shrew (Crocidura theresae) from Guinea (29); the vagrant shrew (Sorex BS-181 hydrochloride vagrans), Trowbridge’s shrew (Sorex trowbridgii), and the BS-181 hydrochloride American water shrew (Sorex palustris) from the United States (H. J. Kang and R. Yanagihara, unpublished data); and the flat-skulled shrew (Sorex roboratus) and Laxmann’s shrew (Sorex caecutiens) from Russia (Kang and Yanagihara, unpublished) have also been detected. Here, we statement the antigenic, genetic, and phylogenetic characterization of a newly recognized hantavirus, designated Imjin computer virus (MJNV), isolated from Ussuri white-toothed shrews of the speciesCrocidura lasiura(order Soricomorpha, family Soricidae, subfamily Crocidurinae) captured near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in the Republic of Korea. The finding of MJNV and additional soricid-borne hantaviruses from widely separated geographic areas, spanning four continents, difficulties the conventional look at that rodents are the principal and primordial BS-181 hydrochloride reservoir hosts. Moreover, viewed within the growing context that soricid-borne hantaviruses are far more genetically varied than those harbored by rodents, this gateway investigation on a newfound shrew-borne hantavirus heralds a paradigm-shifting conceptual platform for the evolutionary history of hantaviruses. == MATERIALS AND METHODS == == Trapping. == Crocidura lasiurashrews were captured near the DMZ along the Imjin River (38N, 12640 to 12720E) in the Republic of Korea during the winter season, spring, summer time, and fall months of 2004 and 2005 by using Sherman traps (8 by 9 by 23 cm; H. B. Sherman, Tallahassee, FL) baited with peanut butter placed between two saltine crackers. A total of 50 traps were arranged at intervals of approximately 4 to 5 m at each of six sites within the outskirts of Paju City, situated 20 km northeast of Seoul and directly south of the Imjin River, during the daylight hours of each day time over.